Effects of light availability and tree size on the architectur

dry weight per area (LWA) and needle density (ND, needle weight per volume) were measured in terminal current-year shoots in a natural canopy of variably sized Picea abies (L.) Karst. trees growing along a light gradient. Needle shape was described as a rhomboid. Needle width (D2) increased with increasing diffuse site factor, ad (relative amount of penetrating diffuse solar radiation), whereas needle thickness (D1) remained nearly constant, resulting in an inverse relationship between D1/D2 and ad and an increase in the ratio of total (TLA) to projected needle surface area (PLA) with increasing ad. Because of the variations in needle morphology with respect to light availability, the shoot parameters used in present canopy models are also expected to be light-sensitive, and studies involving shoot morphology should also consider the variability in needle geometry. Needle dimensions and total tree height were not correlated. However, LWA increased with both increasing ad and total tree height. When LWA was expressed as the product of ND and needle height (NH, height of the rhomboidal transverse section of a needle), LWA appeared to increase with irradiance, because of changing NH, and with total tree height, because of changing needle density.